Mr. Jenner.

It was devoted solely to that?

Mrs. Paine.

Yes.

Mr. Jenner.

Representative Ford has left with me some questions. I think probably I might have covered them all.
Would you give us, please, your views with respect to what you understand to be the Russian system or philosophy--that is, I am not seeking your views as to what it is, but as to either your sympathy or empathy or aversion to it.

Mrs. Paine.

I am of the opinion that--saying the Russian system is a rather larger statement than saying the Communist system. But it may be that the question was intended to speak about the Communists, or governmental system.

Mr. Jenner.

I think that probably is the thrust of Representative Ford's inquiry.

Mrs. Paine.

Well, as I have already testified, I dislike deception in any form. I might go on to say that I think the people of Russia on the whole have very little choice about their leaders at elections or----

Mr. Jenner.

It is the antithesis of democracy?

Mrs. Paine.

Yes; it is certainly a dictatorship.

Mr. Jenner.

And that is abhorent to you?

Mrs. Paine.

Yes; it is.

Mr. Jenner.

I take it, then, far from having any sympathy with or admiration for communism or what we might call the Russian system or philosophy, you have an aversion?

Mrs. Paine.

I have an aversion.

Mr. Jenner.

Have you ever studied Karl Marx?

Mrs. Paine.

No; not in the sense of studied. I think one history course in college included a few readings from Karl Marx.

Mr. Jenner.

Your readings of Karl Marx's writings have been confined to your work at Antioch College as a student?

Mrs. Paine.

Yes. And they were very brief.

Mr. Jenner.

Did you ever read the Manifesto?

Mrs. Paine.

The Communist Manifesto?

Mr. Jenner.

Yes.

Mrs. Paine.

That was part of the same course.

Mr. Jenner.

But there, again, your studying of it or reading of it was limited to the college course?

Mrs. Paine.

That is right.

Mr. Jenner.

And you did not pursue it thereafter?

Mrs. Paine.

No; I did not.

Mr. Jenner.

And if I asked you the same question with respect to Das Capital would your answers be the same?

Mrs. Paine.

I have seen the size of the book, and I certainly would not want to read it.

Mr. Jenner.

In any event, you have not read it?

Mrs. Paine.

I have not read it.

Mr. Jenner.

Even in connection with a college course?

Mrs. Paine.

Even in connection with a college course. I think I would have fudged on that assignment, had it been assigned.

Mr. Jenner.

I gather from your testimony you certainly do not consider yourself a Communist.

Mrs. Paine.

I certainly do not.

Mr. Jenner.

And quite the contrary.

Mrs. Paine.

That is right.

Mr. Jenner.

Tell us what your activities--you are a member of the American Civil Liberties Union?

Mrs. Paine.

I am.

Mr. Jenner.

What have been your activities in connection with that organization?

Mrs. Paine.

Primarily to send in my membership fee each year. I have been a member for some years prior--that is to say, going back to the time prior to my marriage. I have recently, perhaps a year ago, became on the membership committee for the local chapter in Dallas. That chapter, I might say, only just opened a year and a half ago.