Mr. Griffin.

Was there any resentment in the home toward the practices that were maintained by your parents there, failure to converse regularly in English and perhaps their old world habits?

Mr. Ruby.

I don't understand.

Mr. Griffin.

Which is common in all families, I think, in which the practices that are observed in the home are not the kind of practices that you see on television or in the movies. Was there resentment among any of the children toward the fact that here was a home in which a foreign language was spoken, and practices were observed which did not appear to be the same practices as the people who were on top in American society?

Mr. Ruby.

Yes; I would say so. However, my mother insisted that we follow the lines of the Orthodox Jew.

Mr. Griffin.

Did any of you object to that insistence by your mother?

Mr. Ruby.

No; nothing because there wasn't too much to object to, because it was the same food. I mean there is really nothing-- however, if we would take the wrong utensil, you know, because there are two separate ones, we would be bawled out for taking the wrong one.

Mr. Griffin.

Well, Jack during the time that he was in Chicago lived for various periods outside the home, didn't he?

Mr. Ruby.

Yes.

Mr. Griffin.

For example, I believe he lived with either Sam Gordon or Alex Gruber in a separate apartment in Chicago in the early thirties. Do you recall that?

Mr. Ruby.

I know he lived with Gruber but I don't know how long.

Mr. Griffin.

Well----

Mr. Ruby.

Because it was in the early thirties, I was going to high school.

Mr. Griffin.

Was there any particular reason why Jack did not want to live with the family?

Mr. Ruby.

None that I can remember. There may have been, but I may not be, you know, I wasn't aware of it.

Mr. Griffin.

He also was away from Chicago from about 1933 to 1937.

Mr. Ruby.

Yes; I think he went to Frisco to work there; yes. I think he went there. I think my sister was there or he went first, I don't remember.

Mr. Griffin.

Did you know his friend Leon Cooke?

Mr. Ruby.

Yes; very well.

Mr. Griffin.

Was Leon Cooke of Jewish background?

Mr. Ruby.

Yes.

Mr. Griffin.

Were you familiar with Jack's activities with Leon Cooke in the labor union?

Mr. Ruby.

A little bit. I think I knew----

Mr. Griffin.

What can you tell us about that, what--how long did Jack work in the union?

Mr. Ruby.

Well, I know as far as I know, I think he helped organize it. It was Leon Cooke's idea. Leon Cooke was an attorney and his father, Mr. Cooke, was a scrap iron and junk handler, and for some reason or another of his own thinking he decided that it would be a good idea to organize a union because the although he was doing very well as an attorney without it, the workers in this industry were being paid, I think at that time, 10 cents or 15 cents an hour, and it was actually slave wages practically, as you can easily understand, and so they organized the union or how they go about it I don't even know, but they did, Leon Cooke and Jack helped organize it, but I think Leon did all the legal work.

Mr. Griffin.

Do you know of anybody else who helped in the organizing efforts?

Mr. Ruby.

Even I went out once to hand out those flyers, you know, "join the union."

Mr. Griffin.

Where did you hand them out and what would you do?

Mr. Ruby.

Well, they would come out from work and I would just hand it to them, as they leave the plant, just hand it to them.

Mr. Griffin.

Did you ever make any personal contacts with members, with employees?

Mr. Ruby.

No; never. I just----