Mr. Eisenberg.

To illustrate your point, Mr. Cunningham, I hand you Commission Exhibit 565, which is a photograph, which was explained yesterday, of the cartridge case fired in the rifle, and a test cartridge.

Mr. Cunningham.

Yes, this demonstrates it very well.

This is the very rough surface on the bolt of the assassination rifle.

Mr. Eisenberg.

The bolt face?

Mr. Cunningham.

Yes; the bolt face, and it is just as distinctive as these striae on my photographs of the breech-face marks of the revolver.

Mr. Eisenberg.

By "striae" you mean lines?

Mr. Cunningham.

Yes; just lines. But it is more difficult to see, due to the character of these marks even though one type of mark is just as characteristic as the other type.

Mr. Eisenberg.

As I understand your testimony, to the trained observer the photograph shown-- the cartridges shown in the photographs on 565 can be as easily identified with each other as the cartridges shown on, let's say, 598?

Mr. Cunningham.

That is correct.

Mr. Eisenberg.

But to the layman it is easier to see the similarities on 598, with its striae, than 565 with its grosser imperfections?

Mr. Cunningham.

Yes, sir; due to the type of marks on each of the cartridge cases, one is easier for the layman to see.
The next photograph is Commission document No. 599. On the left of the hairline is our number C-48, the cartridge case. On the right is the test cart ridge case from Oswald's revolver.
Now, here you asked about what happens--somebody asked what happens on the other side. Here you have the other side. In this particular cartridge case----

Mr. Eisenberg.

That is the other half of the cartridge case?

Mr. Cunningham.

Yes, sir. In other words, you are seeing the primer, the space between the primer and the brass on the cartridge case itself--on the questioned cartridge case this time and the base of the cartridge case of the test is on the right. It looks like it is one. It is just the opposite side of the cartridge case from the other photographs.
In other words, you take the photograph of the most demonstrative marks--which look real good, naturally. The examination is of all the marks. That is the big difference. And this time you will see--it is very demonstrative on each side of the hairline, a great deal of similarity between these marks.

Mr. Eisenberg.

And the magnification here?

Mr. Cunningham.

It is approximately 96 times.

Mr. Rhyne.

Why do you vary the magnification?

Mr. Cunningham.

The magnification of every photograph you take, sir, depends on the length of the bellows of the camera. The microscope will have a set magnification. But each time that you focus the length of the bellows can change, which will increase or decrease the magnification. Also with some photographs you mask off areas which are out of focus. You certainly would not want to print a whole negative where you have distortion. You bring into focus one small portion of the surface of that bullet.
If, say, one surface of the bullet is slightly flattened and the other surface is rounded--the rounded surface will be going out of focus much faster than the flattened side, and it would be very confusing. That is the type of thing. You mask differently.
Then when you have the negatives enlarged, you can enlarge one negative more than you do the other. So it can be based either on the length of the bellows, or on the amount you have enlarged it.

Mr. Eisenberg.

Is that all the photographs?

Mr. Cunningham.

No, there is one more.
This photograph is a photograph of the firing-pin impression of the C-49 cartridge case, and the firing-pin impression on the test from Oswald's revolver, and this is Commission document 600.

Mr. Eisenberg.

And the magnification?

Mr. Cunningham.

120 times, approximately.
Now, here you have very distinctive marks, but it is much more difficult for a layman to pick them out. That is the reason I have circled these marks and